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Objective@#Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a condition described as the inability to control or stop alcohol consumption.The patients with AUD have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis-related diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate oxidative contributors of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with AUD. @*Methods@#The male subjects diagnosed with AUD (n = 45) and the male subjects as control (n = 35) were enrolled in this study. All participants were undergone psychiatric evaluation and sociodemographic tests. Also, serum oxidative contributors of atherosclerosis including myeloperoxidase (MPO), ferroxidase, catalase (CAT), and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) were measured. Additionally, serum lipid profile tests and atherogenic indicators including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also analyzed. @*Results@#The AUD subject had significantly elevated MPO activity and LOOH levels with decreased antioxidant capacity.AIP and non-HDL cholesterol levels, the atherogenic indicators, were also higher in AUD group compared to the control group. We found the MPO activity and LOOH levels were positively correlated with AIP, non-HDL cholesterol levels, and amount of alcohol consumption. Additionally, CAT activity was negatively correlated with duration of alcohol consumption. @*Conclusion@#Our results revealed that MPO and LOOH levels were elevated by severe alcohol intake and the atherogenic indicators, AIP and non-HDL cholesterol, were significantly correlated alcohol induced elevated oxidative risk factors. Therefore, it can be suggested that MPO activity and LOOH levels may be useful to determine jeopardy of atherosclerotic and the therapeutic interventions that reduce oxidative load could be taken into account to prevent atherosclerotic diseases before clinical manifestation.
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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the blood serum levels of biomarkers specifying oxidative stress status and systemic inflammation between people using methamphetamine (METH) and the control group (CG). Serum thiol/disulfide balance and ischemia-modified albumin levels were studied to determine oxidative stress, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and complete blood count (CBC) were to assess inflammation. @*Methods@#Fifty patients with METH use disorder (MUD) and 36 CG participants were included in the study. Two tubes of venous blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress, serum thiol/disulfide balance, ischemia-modified albumin, and IL-6 levels between groups. The correlation of parameters measuring oxidative stress and inflammation between groups with sociodemographic data was investigated. @*Results@#In this study, serum total thiol, free thiol levels, disulfideative thiol percentage ratios, and serum ischemia-modified albumin levels of the patients were statistically significantly higher than the healthy controls. No difference was observed between the groups in serum disulfide levels and serum IL-6 levels. Considering the regression analysis, only the duration of substance use was a statistically significant factor in explaining serum IL-6 levels. The parameters showing inflammation in the CBC were significantly higher in the patients than in the CG. @*Conclusion@#CBC can be used to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with MUD. Parameters measuring thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin can be, also, used to assess oxidative stress.
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Purpose@#Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic dimensions over time. NAFLD is the most common cause of childhood chronic liver disease. There is a relationship between NAFLD and oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the changes in thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters to determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance in obese rats with diet-induced NAFLD and healthy rats. @*Methods@#Twelve Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Experimentally produced NAFLD obese rats (n=6) and healthy rats were compared. Experimental NAFLD model was created with a special fatty liver diet (Altromin ® C1063, Fatty Liver Diet, Exclusivet, Lage, Germany). The biochemical and histopathological features of the groups, as well as serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters, were analyzed and compared. @*Results@#In the experimentally induced NAFLD rat model, they gained more weight than the control group. Steatosis (at least grade 2) occurred in all rats fed with special fatty liver diet for 12 weeks. Histopathologically, no high-grade inflammation was observed in rats with experimental NAFLD after feeding a diet for 12 weeks. Results revealed that aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were high, albumin levels were low, oxidant stress parameters increased, and antioxidant thiol groups decreased. @*Conclusion@#Experimental NAFLD is characterized by increased oxidant stress accompanying fatty tissue in the liver. Analysis of thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters in NAFLD can be used in further studies to develop effective treatment options.
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Purpose@#Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic dimensions over time. NAFLD is the most common cause of childhood chronic liver disease. There is a relationship between NAFLD and oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the changes in thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters to determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance in obese rats with diet-induced NAFLD and healthy rats. @*Methods@#Twelve Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Experimentally produced NAFLD obese rats (n=6) and healthy rats were compared. Experimental NAFLD model was created with a special fatty liver diet (Altromin ® C1063, Fatty Liver Diet, Exclusivet, Lage, Germany). The biochemical and histopathological features of the groups, as well as serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters, were analyzed and compared. @*Results@#In the experimentally induced NAFLD rat model, they gained more weight than the control group. Steatosis (at least grade 2) occurred in all rats fed with special fatty liver diet for 12 weeks. Histopathologically, no high-grade inflammation was observed in rats with experimental NAFLD after feeding a diet for 12 weeks. Results revealed that aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were high, albumin levels were low, oxidant stress parameters increased, and antioxidant thiol groups decreased. @*Conclusion@#Experimental NAFLD is characterized by increased oxidant stress accompanying fatty tissue in the liver. Analysis of thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters in NAFLD can be used in further studies to develop effective treatment options.
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Objective@#Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder are complex phenotypes. There appear to be phenotypical, mechanistic, and therapeutic differences between bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). There is a need for understanding the underlying biological variation between these clinical entities. The role of oxidative processes underlying bipolar disorder and depression has been demonstrated. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a recent oxidative stress marker. In this study, we aimed to inspect patients with bipolar depression and unipolar depression in terms of thiol-disulfide balance and to compare them with healthy controls. @*Methods@#Patients admitted to the outpatient clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital and diagnosed either as a depressive episode with bipolar disorder (n = 37) or unipolar depression (n = 24) according to DSM-5 criteria, along with healthy controls (HC) (n = 50), were included in the study. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were compared across the groups. @*Results@#In comparison to HC, both BD and UD groups had higher disulfide levels, disulfideative thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio. No significant differences between BD and UD were detected in terms of disulfide level, disulfideative thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio. @*Conclusion@#Increased levels of disulfide, native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol ratios compared to healthy controls in both UD and BD groups may be indicative of the presence of oxidative damage in these two clinical conditions. To clarify the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and investigate TDH, longitudinal studies in patients with medication-free UD and BD are required.
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Objective: We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress status in children with beta-thalassemia major [beta-TM] by measuring native thiol [SH], disulfide [SS] and total thiol [SH + SS] plasma levels
Methods: This study was carried out from November 2017 to March 2018 at the Pediatric Hematology Clinic of the Harran University Medical Faculty Hospital. Blood specimens were collected from 100 participants, including 50 beta-TM patients and 50 controls, and SH, SS and SH+SS levels were detected through a newly developed method
Results: SH, SS, SH+SS levels and SS/SH ratio were markedly higher in beta-TM patients than in controls. In beta-TM group, SH and SH+SS levels were positively correlated with age, albumin and total bilirubin. Serum ferritin level was positively correlated with SH, SH+SS, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase
Conclusions: We found that the SS/SH ratio was high in patients with beta-TM, which shows increased oxidative stress. This ratio may be considered as a tool for the determination of oxidative status in such patients due to easily calculate, suitable for routine use and economical
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum values of magnesium and the parameters of the pulmonary function tests [PFT] in patients with chronic asthma
Subjects and Methods: This study recruited 50 patients with chronic stable asthma and 40 healthy individuals as a control group. Data on age, sex, severity of asthma, PFT, and details of drug therapy were obtained from each group. Serum magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and sodium levels were also measured. To evaluate differences between groups, the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed for continuous variables, and the X[2] test for categorical variables
Results: In the asthma group, 10% [n = 9] of the patients had hypomagnesemia and 5.5% [n = 5] had hypophosphatemia. Patients with asthma were divided into two groups: the hypomagnesemic group [n = 9] and the normomagnesemic group [n = 41]. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV[1]], FEV[1]%, peak expiratory flow [PEF], and PEF% were lower in the hypomagnesemic group than in the normomagnesemic group [p = 0.02]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between hypomagnesemia and PFT in the hypomagnesemic asthmatic group. The correlations of age with FEV[1], FEV[1]%, PEF, and PEF% were as follows: p = 0.00, r = 0.29; p = 0.00, r = 0.43; p = 0.03, r = 0.22; p = 0.00, r = 0.38; and p = 0.03, r = 0.22, respectively. The correlation of serum magnesium levels with PFT [FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, PEF%] were as follows: p = 0.001, r = 0.29; p = 0.001, r = 0.43; p = 0.03, r = 0.22; and p = 0.001, r = 0.38, respectively. The other electrolytes were within the normal range in both groups
Conclusion: In this study, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia were found to be the most common electrolyte abnormalities in patients with chronic stable asthma. FEV[1], FEV[1]%, PEF, and PEF% were significantly lower in asthmatic patients with hypomagnesemia compared to asthmatic patients with normomagnesemia
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Objectives: It is known that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR] is associated with adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. We aimed to reveal the association of NLR and thiol/disulfide homeostasis [TDH] with ischemic stroke patients
Methods: This study was conducted prospectively at tertiary hospital in emergency department between March 18, 2017 and November 30, 2017. It included 143 patients who were diagnosed with stroke, exhibited no hemorrhage on the Computed Tomography [CT] of the head were included in the study. Complete blood count, biochemical, TDH parameters and Ischemia Modified Albumin [IMA] were studied
Results: Neutrophil count and NLR were significantly higher in the patient group [p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively]. The mean Native Thiol [NT] value of the patient group was 359.9 +/- 84.59 Mumol/L. The mean Total Thiol [TT] value in the patient group was 399.38 +/- 86.06 Mumol/L. The NT and TT values in the patient group were significantly lower [NT/TT: p = 0.002/p = 0.007], whereas NLR and IMA were significantly higher in the patient group [p = 0.001/p < 0.001]
Conclusions: Physicians should focus on patients with increased NLR, as these patients appear to represent a population at risk for increased morbidity. We have quantitatively demonstrated in tissue oxidative stress level with TDH parameters. Investigation of these new parameters should be continued for the determination of prognostic significance
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Objective: Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy [ESWL] is a non-invasive method that is effective at crushing stones in the upper urinary tract. Disturbance of the thiol/disulfide homeostasis, in favor of the disulfide, has been shown to be involved in the disease pathogenesis
Methods: A total of 36 individuals that underwent ESWL had blood samples collected before ESWL [0hrs], 6hrs, and one week after the ESWL. Sera native and total as wells as disulfide amount was measured using an automated method sodium borohydrate [NaBH4] reduction. In addition, Ischemia Modified Albumin [IMA] levels were measured using colorimetric assay method
Results: Native thiol level was reduced at the 6th hour following ESWL compared to baseline. While the ratios of disulfide level, Disulfide/Total Thiol [DTT], Disulfide/Native Thiol [DNT] and IMA level were increased at the 6th hour following ESWL compared to baseline, they were found to be similar with their baseline values at the end of 1st week. Total thiol and native /total thiol did not show any significant change
Conclusion: ESWL treatment disrupts thiol/disulfide homeostasis and the structure of albumin at the acute term. Therefore, it increases protein oxidation and leads to increased oxidative stress. However, this state is transient and returns to normal within the proceeding days
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This study aimed to investigate thiol-disulfide balance in patients with renal colic who were frequently referred to emergency services and also to discuss its potential clinical use. Blood samples were obtained from 32 patients diagnosed with renal colic before treatment in the emergency department. Then, the serum thiol-disulfide levels were measured using a novel method. The patients also underwent a complete blood count test and renal ultrasonography. The thiol-disulfide values were compared statistically between the patient [those with renal colic] and control groups [healthy volunteers]. The mean native thiol level was significantly less in the patient group than in the control group. In addition, the disulfide/ native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group [P < 0.05]. This study found a significant difference in the thiol-disulfide balance of patients with renal colic compared with healthy volunteers. The mean native thiol and total thiol levels decreased in the patient group. It is believed that these markers may be indicative of inflammation in patients with renal colic.
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Objective: Jo evaluate the thiol/disulphide homeostasis in children with non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism [SHT]
Subjects and Methods: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis, involving native thiol [SH], disulphide [SS], and total thiol [SS + SH], was evaluated in 60 children and adolescents who were negative for thyroid auto-antibodies [anti-thyroid per-oxidase, anti-thyroglobulin] and had a thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] value of >5 mlU/L, and in 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects who were negative for thyroid autoantibodies and had normal TSH levels. Lipid profiles and urine iodine levels were also determined
Results: SH [466 +/- 32.8 vs. 462 +/- 32.1 |amol/L p = 0.59), SH + SS [508 +/- 34.0 vs. 506 +/- 32.7 |amol/L, p = 0.81), SS (21 +/- 5.5 vs. 22 +/- 5.8 Mmol/L, p = 0.41), SS/SH [4.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3%, p = 0.36], SS/SH + SS [4.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.3+/-1.1 %7 p = 0.36] and SH/SH + SS [91 +/- 2.1 vs. 91 +/- 2.1 %,p = 0.31] levels were similar in children with SHT and control subjects [p > 0.05]. There was no difference between total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels in SHT patients and controls. No difference was detected between the patients with or without iodine deficiency in the SHT group in terms of thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters
Conclusion: The status of dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis did not change in children and adolescents with non-autoimmune SHT. Future studies are needed for the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with long-standing non-autoimmune SHT
ABSTRACT
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a chronic autoinflammatory condition characterized by fever attacks and recurrent polyserositis. Subclinical inflammation that persists during attack-free periods can result in oxidative stress (OS) damage. Thiol groups bind to reactive oxygen radicals and protect cells and tissues from OS damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thiol-disulfide balance and colchicine resistance in FMF patients during an attack or attack-free period. A newly developed spectrophotometric method was used to measure native thiol (NT) and disulfide (DS) levels in FMF patients and an age-sex matched group of healthy controls. NT and DS levels were compared in FMF patients 1) with vs. without colchicine resistance; and 2) during an attack (FMF-AP) vs. attack-free period (FMF-AFP). A total of 118 FMF patients and 60 healthy controls were studied. NT (P < 0.001) and total thiol (TT) (P < 0.001) levels in FMF patients were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. NT (P = 0.030) and TT (P = 0.010) levels of FMF-AP patients were significantly lower than that of FMF-AFP patients. FMF-AP patients had significantly higher DS levels than FMF-AFP patients (P = 0.039). Compared to FMF patients without colchicine resistance, elevated levels of DS (P = 0.019) but not NT (P = 0.620) and TT (P = 0.718) were found in those with colchicine resistance. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis is altered in FMF patients during an attack period and this imbalance may be associated with colchicine resistance.